Ten years on, Brexit has cost Britain economically while shifting its culture

The Economist—A decade after the Brexit referendum, analysts are tallying the concrete economic costs while also tracing unexpected cultural and political shifts the vote triggered. Bloomberg's assessment found a measurable GDP gap compared to peer economies, with Britain's growth underperforming projections made before the vote. The Economist concluded that Brexit transformed Britain in ways its advocates did not predict, including making the country more inward-looking and yet paradoxically more dependent on alignment with EU standards in key industries. One Greek analysis argued the UK has grown more 'European' in social attitudes even as it formally left the bloc. The retrospective consensus among economists is that Brexit imposed a lasting but unevenly distributed economic drag, though political debate over its costs remains fierce.

• The Economist — The Economist found Brexit changed Britain in unexpected ways — including economically and in its global standing.
• Bloomberg — Bloomberg's analysis found a measurable GDP gap: Britain's economy underperformed projections since leaving the EU.
• Kathimerini English (Greece) — One European analysis argued Brexit hurt Britain economically but paradoxically made the country more culturally European.
• Hindustan Times — Ten years on, how the Brexit vote reshaped Britain